This article examines the challenges facing the water and electricity sectors in Swaida under conditions of severe infrastructural deterioration and prolonged power outages. With electricity rationing reaching up to 22 hours per day, the operation of deep groundwater wells—often extending to depths of approximately 700 meters—has become critically dependent on reliable energy supply. In response to these constraints, the study explores the shift toward photovoltaic power systems as an urgent and practical solution to ensure the continuous operation of water wells. The article presents four applied case studies of solar-powered water pumping stations and provides a comparative technical and economic analysis of these models. The findings highlight the effectiveness of photovoltaic systems as both an emergency intervention and a sustainable long-term option, particularly in contexts characterized by unstable public electricity provision. The study further emphasizes the importance of local governance frameworks in managing such projects, including issues related to ownership, maintenance, and stakeholder coordination. The article concludes with a set of policy-oriented recommendations aimed at enhancing grid stability, optimizing the integration of renewable energy solutions, and strengthening community participation and social solidarity in the implementation of infrastructure projects.
Aldebs et al. (Thu,) studied this question.