Alfred Wittinghofer and his group of structural biologists and biochemists laid the groundwork for developing drugs that target RAS, from the first structure of a RAS protein in its active state, through to a deep understanding of RAS function and regulation. Their fundamental discoveries include the mechanisms of hydrolysis and nucleotide exchange, effector engagement and subcellular localization. In this review, I share some of the highlights of years of a friendship and collaboration for the many years during which Fred's group led the field and helped understand and defeat the "beating heart of signal transduction".
Frank McCormick (Sat,) studied this question.