Bleeding at the exit site may be the result of bleeding from a venotomy wound or the tunnel tract or the exit wound itself. Precise localisation of the bleeding spot is an essential first step in achieving secure hemostasis. Currently recommended measures like application of manual compression, compressive dressing, local infiltration of hemostatic agents, and suturing of the exit site are limited by their empirical nature and failure to specifically target the bleeding vessel.
Subrahmanian Sathiavageesan (2026) studied this question.