Adaptive photodetector with dual-freedom spectral reconfigurability for on-chip multispectral systems

Conventional spectrally reconfigurable systems for dynamic optical information processing suffer from inherent limitations, including bulky optical components and constrained control flexibility. Here, we report an adaptive photodetector based on WSe2/CdS heterostructures, enabling device-level dual-freedom reconfigurability of spectral response. Density functional theory calculations confirm type-I band alignment at the heterointerface, while experimental results demonstrate voltage-driven switching between Fowler–Nordheim tunneling and direct tunneling transport mechanisms. By modulating gate/bias voltage, the spectral-response band can be dynamically reconfigured across blue, green, and blue-green dual-band regimes, achieving a rapid switching speed of 2 ms. This reconfigurable spectral response allows a single device to integrate intelligent imaging and secure communication functions. The demonstrated dual-freedom reconfigurability provides a scalable pathway toward next-generation on-chip multispectral systems with minimized footprint and enhanced functional versatility.