Histologic Sequelae of Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Dystrophic Calcification

Figures

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  Figure 1. Noncontrast cardiac computed tomography. (A) The 4-chamber view shows calcification of the apical left ventricular myocardium. (B) The short-axis view of the left ventricular apex shows circumferential calcification of the apical myocardium.

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  Figure 2. Contrast-enhanced gated cardiac computed tomography. (A) The 2-chamber view at (A1) end-diastole and (A2) end-systole shows a spade-shaped left ventricular cavity with mild apical hypertrophy and partial systolic cavity obliteration. (B) The 4-chamber view at (B1) end-diastole and (B2) end-systole demonstrates apically displaced and hypertrophied papillary muscles. (C) Contrast-enhanced short-axis views at (C1) end-diastole and (C2) end-systole show a slightly larger apical cavity at end-systole, consistent with dyskinetic myocardium.

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  Figure 3. Echocardiography. (A) Transesophageal and (B) transthoracic echocardiography demonstrate increased echogenicity at the left ventricular apex, however, less conspicuous compared with the calcification noted on noncontrast cardiac computed tomography.