Does digoxin use improve mortality/morbidity in patients with contemporary heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
In contemporary HFrEF, digoxin use is associated with lower mortality/morbidity in patients with atrial fibrillation, but higher mortality/morbidity in those without atrial fibrillation.
The great majority of digoxin users had a history of AF. Digoxin use was associated with lower mortality/morbidity in patients with AF, but with higher mortality/morbidity in patients without AF.
Kapelios et al. (2021) studied this question.