Parameters of Flow through Paravalvular Leak Channels from Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations—Data from Real-Life Cases and Comparison with a Simplified Model

Figures

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  Figure 1. CT-based model of the left ventricle.

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  Figure 2. Simplified model of the left ventricle.

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  Figure 3. PVL geometries. (I,III,IV)—anterior mitral leaks, (II)—posterolateral mitral leak.

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  Figure 4. Values of maximal wall shear stress in universal model (UNI) and real-life model (CT) for PVL model I.

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  Figure 5. Values of maximal shear stress in fluid in universal model (UNI) and real-life model (CT) for PVL model I.

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  Figure 6. Volume with shear stress > 300 Pa in universal model (UNI) and real-life model (CT) for PVL model I.

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  Figure 7. Duration of exposure to shear stress > 300 Pa in universal model (UNI) and real-life model (CT) for PVL model I.

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  Figure 8. Maximal wall shear stress during systole for all PVL models.

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  Figure 9. Maximal shear stress in fluid during systole for all PVL models.

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  Figure 10. Volume of the PVL channel in which shear stress exceeded 300 Pa during systole for all PVL models.

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  Figure 11. Duration of exposure to shear stress > 300 Pa during systole for all PVL models.

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  Figure 12. Velocity distribution in the model of the left ventricle, left atrium and PVL channel. Boxes 1 and 2 correspond to anterior (PVL I, III, IV) and posterolateral (PVL II) locations, respectively.