Cytokine armoring of CAR T cells for enhancing the immunotherapy of cancer. Reprogramming of CAR T-cell phenotypes through (a) IL-158 or (b) IL-9Rα9 engineering. Reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment and recruitment of host antitumor immunity through (c) IL-36γ10 or (d) IL-1211,12 engineering. (e) Tumor-inducible cytokine expression utilizing synthetic NFAT or endogenous NR4A2 promoter systems to restrict systemic expression of potent cytokines for improved safety.
Sek et al. (Sun,) studied this question.