This work is not intended to present a finalized or authoritative theory, but rather to propose and openly share a physical framework for consideration.The author is an independent researcher and does not intend to provide exhaustive explanations or respond to individual inquiries. This paper explores the possibility of explaining strong gravitational lensing without invoking dark matter, presenting it as an independent attempt along with its structural formulation and computational results. The purpose is to make the model publicly available so that others may freely evaluate, test, or challenge it. The content of this work is not meant to be accepted based on authority, but to be judged through observation and calculation.
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pyosang jeong
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pyosang jeong (Mon,) studied this question.
synapsesocial.com/papers/69d5f0d774eaea4b11a7a4f8 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19439802