The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to traditional cryptographic systems that rely on computational hardness assumptions such as integer factorization and discrete logarithms. Quantum algorithms, particularly Shor's algorithm, have the potential to break widely used cryptographic standards including RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography. To address these emerging challenges, this research proposes a machine learning-enhanced post-quantum cryptographic framework designed to provide adaptive and resilient data security in the quantum computing era. The proposed framework integrates post-quantum cryptographic algorithms with intelligent machine learning mechanisms to improve the robustness of encryption systems against quantum-based attacks. The system incorporates three major components: a post-quantum encryption module, a machine learning–based anomaly detection module, and an adaptive key management system powered by reinforcement learning. The anomaly detection component utilizes neural network models to monitor encrypted data streams and identify abnormal patterns that may indicate potential decryption attempts. In addition, reinforcement learning dynamically adjusts cryptographic key parameters and rotation schedules to reduce the risk of key compromise. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed framework significantly improves detection accuracy, reduces key management latency, and enhances resilience against simulated quantum decryption attacks when compared with conventional cryptographic systems. The integration of machine learning enables the framework to dynamically adapt to evolving threats while maintaining strong encryption standards. The results highlight the potential of combining artificial intelligence with post-quantum cryptography to build adaptive, intelligent, and future-proof security systems capable of protecting sensitive data in the presence of powerful quantum computing technologies. \\
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