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Particle image velocimetry measurements in close proximity to dielectric-barrier discharge plasma actuators are conducted to quantify the momentum transfer of the plasma to the surrounding air flow. Based on these data a comparative analysis of six existing approaches to estimate the induced body force is presented. Integral methods calculate an integral value for the actuator force based on the momentum-balance equation. Insight into the spatial distribution of the body force is provided by differential methods, which are based either on the Navier–Stokes equations or on the vorticity equation. It is demonstrated that the intensity as well as the domain of the force increase with increasing operating power levels. Emphasis is also placed on the issue of self-induced drag. It is shown that 30% of the induced momentum is consumed by wall friction. All results are validated with previously obtained balance force data and luminosity analysis of identical actuators.
Kriegseis et al. (Tue,) studied this question.