Emission of radiation in the orthopaedic operation room: A comprehensive review

Introduction Ionising radiation is a constant risk to exposed workers. Recently, it was shown that the incidence of malignant diseases was increased in an orthopaedic hospital among exposed personnel. However, the surgeons are often ill-informed about the utilisation of the fluoroscopic units, which leads to unnecessary exposure to radiation, for both the operating team as well as the patients. This review article aims to give a comprehensive review on the exposure of staff in the orthopaedic operation room and to develop advises to reduce the risk deriving from ionising radiation. Material and methods A comprehensive review of the published literature associated to intra-operative radiation in orthopaedics was performed. The electronic platform, PubMed was used to search for relevant studies. The