The Use of Calixarenes in Metal-Based Catalysis

A study was conducted to demonstrate the use of calixarenes in metal-based catalysis. The study focused on rare earth metal-containing species,including neodymium to demonstrate the use of calixarenes in metal-based catalysis. It was found that the ability to make calixarenes water-soluble allowed them to be used as catalysts in aqueous media, demonstrating that calixarene-based systems were employed as homo- or heterogeneous catalysts. It was demonstrated that the availability of chiral calixarenes offered significant advantages for calixarene-based catalysis of metals. It was also demonstrated that the characteristics and availability of calixarenes made them potentially environmentally friendly for catalytic applications in academic research activities and industrial processes.