The residential and commercial building sector is known to use around 40% of the total end-use energy and, hence, is considered to be the largest energy consumer sector in the world [1]. Approximately half of this energy is used for heating/cooling, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC), and this usage is increasing 0.5?5% per year in developed countries [2]. The distribution of energy use percentages within the building for the United States is shown in Figure 1. This trend is similar for the rest of the world.
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Atam et al. (2016) studied this question.
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