Determinants of cognitive performance and decline in 20 diverse ethno-regional groups: A COSMIC collaboration cohort study

Figures

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  Fig 1. Risk factors for cognitive performance that differ between Asian people and white people. Bars show standardized scores at the mean time in study (3.1 years) for participants with and without the risk factor in both groups: Asian people and white people. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. Mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance is compared for smokers and non-smokers (A), participants with poor versus very good self-rated health (B), and apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE*4) carriers and non-carriers (C). (D) compares the mean performance for the global cognition composite (calculated from tests of 4 cognitive domains) in men and women.

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  Fig 2. Risk factors for cognitive decline that differ between Asian people and white people. Fitted trajectories are for the first half decade since baseline, and show mean changes in standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores for both groups: Asian people and white people. (A) compares participants with and without high cholesterol, and (B) compares participants with and without diabetes. (C) compares participants with high and low levels of education, determined as 1 standard deviation (4.5 years) above and below the mean of 9 years, respectively.