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Editorial
There is an urgent need to improve the description of estimands in published randomized trial protocols to clarify the treatment effects being estimated.
The description of estimands in published trial protocols is poor, and in most trials, it is impossible to understand exactly what treatment effect is being estimated. Given the utility of estimands to improve clinical research and reporting, this urgently needs to change.
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Kahan et al. (2021) studied this question.
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