Comparison of impedance spectroscopy data for undoped CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) and CaCu2.94Mn0.06Ti4O12 CCMTO ceramics shows Mn doping to suppress the room temperature bulk semiconductivity of ∼0.01Scm−1 for CCTO by six orders of magnitude. The magnitude of and activation energy for bulk conduction in CCMTO are similar to those of the insulating grain boundaries in CCTO ceramics. A model to explain the suppression of the bulk conductivity in CCMTO ceramics is proposed; the grain and grain boundary regions in CCTO ceramics may consist of the same phase but with slightly different compositions.
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Li et al. (2006) studied this question.
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