Value of Troponin Testing for Detection of Heart Disease in Previously Healthy Children

Background Troponin levels are frequently obtained in pediatric patients, but the benefit remains unclear. Methods and Results This retrospective study included 1993 patients aged 0 to 21 years without history of cardiac disease in whom troponin levels were obtained during clinical evaluation of cardiac and noncardiac presentations. Troponin was elevated (≥0.1 ng/mL) in 182 patients (9%). A cardiac diagnosis was made in 109 (60%) of those with elevated troponin and in 208 (12%) of those without (P<0.001). The positive predictive value of elevated troponin for a cardiac diagnosis was 60% for the entire cohort and 85% for patients with a cardiac presentation. The negative predictive value of nonelevated troponin was 89% for the entire cohort and 96% in patients without a cardiac presentation. Serial testing did not improve these predictive values. However, among 404 patients with initially nonelevated levels who had serial measurements, subsequent elevation was found in 80 (20%), of whom 15 (19%) had a cardiac diagnosis. The optimal troponin cutoff value to differentiate cardiac from noncardiac diagnosis was higher in children aged <3 months (0.045 ng/mL) compared with those aged ≥3 months (0.005 ng/mL). Conclusions Troponin can be a useful adjunctive test in the evaluation of children when the differential diagnosis includes cardiac etiologies. Serial measurement was not helpful when troponin was elevated at presentation but may merit consideration when the initial level is not elevated and there is ongoing concern about cardiac involvement. Lower reference values may be appropriate when evaluating children in contrast to adults.