Effects of lidocaine and esmolol on hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation: a randomized clinical trial

Figure 1. Times and moments of participant assessments. T1: Admission to operating room; T2: 2 minutes after IV administration of midazolam; T3: 3 minutes after induction of anesthesia; T4: 1 minute after Orotracheal Intubation (OTI); T5: 3 minutes after OTI; T6: 6 minutes after OTI.

Figure 2. Randomization flowchart.

Figure 3. Effects of intravenous administration of esmolol and lidocaine on heart rate. (A) Variation of heart rate over time. Both the (B) Area Under the Curve (AUC,) and the (C) positive incremental Area Under the Curve (piAUC) were calculated by trapezoidal integration of heart rate measurements over time.

Figure 4. Effects of intravenous administration of esmolol and lidocaine on mean arterial pressure. (A) Variation of mean arterial pressure over time. Both the (B) Area Under the Curve (AUC), and the (C) positive incremental Area Under Curve (piAUC) were calculated by trapezoidal integration of mean arterial pressure measurements over time.