Controlling the morphology and surface passivation in perovskite solar cells is paramount in obtaining optimal optoelectronic properties. This study incorporates N-doped graphene nanosheets in the perovskite layer, which simultaneously induces an improved morphology and surface passivation at the perovskite/spiro interface, resulting in enhancement in all photovoltaic parameters.
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Hadadian et al. (2016) studied this question.
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