Compared with Zn²⁺ storage, non-metallic charge carrier with small hydrated size and light weight shows fast dehydration and diffusion kinetics for Zn-organic batteries. Here we first report NH₄ ⁺ /H⁺ co-storage in self-assembled organic superstructures (OSs) by intermolecular interactions of p-benzoquinone (BQ) and 2, 6-diaminoanthraquinone (DQ) polymer through H-bonding and π-π stacking. BQ-DQ OSs exhibit exposed quadruple-active carbonyl motifs and super electron delocalization routes, which are redox-exclusively coupled with high-kinetics NH₄ ⁺ /H⁺ but exclude sluggish and rigid Zn²⁺ ions. A unique 4e⁻ NH₄ ⁺ /H⁺ co-coordination mechanism is unravelled, giving BQ-DQ cathode high capacity (299 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ ), large-current tolerance (100 A g⁻¹ ) and ultralong life (50,000 cycles). This strategy further boosts the capacity to 358 mAh g⁻¹ by modulating redox-active building units, giving new insights into ultra-fast and stable NH₄ ⁺ /H⁺ storage in organic materials for better Zn batteries.
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Zhang et al. (2023) studied this question.
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