Acquired cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities are highly prevalent in the growing population of adults with congenital heart disease, contributing to heart failure morbidity and mortality.
A dvances in surgical and clinical management of congen- ital heart disease (CHD) have allowed patients to survive into adulthood. The number of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients continues to increase by 5% per year with >1 million individuals in the United States. 4] Significant morbidity and mortality are associated with heart failurerelated hospitalizations. 9-11 Adult comorbidities like systemic hypertension (HTN), diabetes, and coronary artery disease (CAD) will further contribute to the problem of heart failure in ACHD patients. Evidence suggests that physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes, and acquired cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be at least as prevalent in patients with CHD as in the general population. 12 Furthermore, some types of CHD may place patients at increased risk for developing CVD.
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Lui et al. (2014) studied this question.
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