Practical advantage of quantum machine learning in ghost imaging

Abstract Demonstrating the practical advantage of quantum computation remains a long-standing challenge whereas quantum machine learning becomes a promising application that can be resorted to. In this work, we investigate the practical advantage of quantum machine learning in ghost imaging by overcoming the limitations of classical methods in blind object identification and imaging. We propose two hybrid quantum-classical machine learning algorithms and a physical-inspired patch strategy to allow distributed quantum learning with parallel variational circuits. In light of the algorithm, we conduct experiments for imaging-free object identification and blind ghost imaging under different physical sampling rates. We further quantitatively analyze the advantage through the lens of information geometry and generalization capability. The numerical results showcase that quantum machine learning can restore high-quality images but classical machine learning fails. The advantage of identification rate are up to 10% via fair comparison with the classical machine learning methods. Our work explores a physics-related application capable of practical quantum advantage, which highlights the prospect of quantum computation in the machine learning field.