Molecular modifiers of kidney stones

Advanced methods of identifying therapeutics for kidney stone disease have created a greater awareness of the potential impact of crystal modifiers in pathological crystallization. Many natural and synthetic species have the capacity to act as growth inhibitors; however, the challenge of bridging in-vitro and in-vivo evidence has proven to be difficult. Future effort to better integrate laboratory research, clinical trials and animal studies has the potential to broaden our understanding of crystal growth modification and its role in mitigating pathological crystallization.