Echocardiography of the patent ductus arteriosus in premature infant

Management of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the premature infant has been a point of controversy for decades as smaller and earlier gestational age infants have been surviving. Increasing experience with catheter-based device closure has generated a new wave of interest in this subject. In this era, echocardiography plays a central role for collaboration within a multispecialty team. Reliability of echocardiography is improved by applying an institutionally derived standard approach to imaging, data collection, and reporting. The key aspects of both the physiology and anatomy of the PDA to distinguish infants that may benefit from intervention are described.