N₂O Emissions From the Northern Benguela Upwelling System

The Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) is the most productive of all eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems and it hosts a well‐developed oxygen minimum zone. As such, the BUS is a potential hotspot for production of N 2 O, a potent greenhouse gas derived from microbially driven decay of sinking organic matter. Yet, the extent at which near‐surface waters emit N 2 O to the atmosphere in the BUS is highly uncertain. Here we present the first high‐resolution surface measurements of N 2 O across the northern part of the BUS (nBUS). We found strong gradients with a threefold increase in N 2 O concentrations near the coast as compared with open ocean waters. Our observations show enhanced sea‐to‐air fluxes of N 2 O (up to 1.67 nmol m −2 s −1 ) in association with local upwelling cells. Based on our data we suggest that the nBUS can account for 13% of the total coastal upwelling source of N 2 O to the atmosphere.