Population-based study shows long-term exposure to air pollution raises migraine risk in middle-aged and older adults, suggesting a health concern.
Long-term exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 was found to be associated with increased migraine risk in the middle-aged and older adult Chinese population. Black carbon, sulfate, and organic matter may be the primary contributors to the adverse effects of PM2.5 on migraine risk; however, further studies with more rigorous designs are required to validate these findings.
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Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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