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Pilot assessment characterizes workload in outpatient ENT procedures, suggesting pathways for system refinement.
These preliminary phantom-based findings characterize early-operator workload and interface constraints of a dual-arm teleoperated system for outpatient ENT procedures. The results provide hypothesis-generating signals to guide system refinement. Future patient-based, head-to-head studies are required to assess full workflow performance and clinical applicability.
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Lee et al. (2026) studied this question.
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