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Evaluation reveals trends in personal listening devices usage affecting learners' academic performance.
contribute to NIHL.Safe listening is defined as exposure to sound levels at or below 85 dB for no >8 hours a day.PLDs can produce sound from 75 dB up to 136 dB, so risk depends on volume, listening time, and how often they are used.Besides hearing loss, too much noise exposure is linked to other issues like irritability, sleep problems, trouble concentrating, anxiety, and poorer academic performance.
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Jose et al. (2026) studied this question.
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