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April 10, 2026Open Access

Physiological phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea identified by cluster analysis: Association with type 2 diabetes

Key Points

This research aims to identify different physiological phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and their connection to type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Utilized data-driven clustering techniques to categorize physiological characteristics of OSA.
Identified distinct types, including Severe desaturation type and REM-predominant type.
Explored associations between these phenotypes and type 2 diabetes.
Identified a strong association between the REM-predominant type of OSA and type 2 diabetes.
Highlighted the metabolic differences among individuals with OSA.
Emphasized the need for targeted interventions based on phenotypes.

Abstract

Data-driven clustering identified distinct physiological phenotypes of OSA. In addition to the Severe desaturation type, the REM-predominant type was also strongly associated with T2DM, underscoring the metabolic heterogeneity of OSA. Prospective studies are needed to determine causal relationships and evaluate phenotype-targeted interventions.

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