The findings indicate high prevalence of multiple HR-HPV genotypes among HIV positive individuals, indicating the impact of HPV/HIV co-infection on immunosuppression and persistence of HPV infection. The expression of cervical cancer biomarker such as p16INK4a and Ki-67 emphasized target screening and early detection strategy in high-risk population. However, there was no direct impact of HPV/HIV co-infection reported on these biomarkers and required to be studied more especially in people living with HIV.
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Swase et al. (2025) studied this question.
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