All-Cause and Cardiovascular-Related Mortality in CKD Patients With and Without Heart Failure: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Kaiser Permanente Southern California

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  Figure 1. Between 2007-2017, incident CKD patients identified if they had 2 consecutive eGFR measurements ≤45 (mL/min/1.73 m2) at least 90 days apart, with a prior eGFR ≥60. A total of 76,688 patients (52.0% non-Hispanic White, 23.4% Hispanic, 13.3% Black, and 8.8% Asian) were identified with incident CKD, of which 14,249 (18.6%) had a diagnosis of heart failure. Among CKD patients with heart failure, 8,436 (59.2%) were HFpEF, whereas 3,328 (23.3%) were HFrEF. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.