Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
During the summer and fall of 2002, an epidemic (223 cases) and epizootic of West Nile virus infections occurred in Chicago. Retrospective spatial analysis demonstrated that age-adjusted human case rates were three times higher inside geographic areas with high early-season crow deaths than outside these areas.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Watson et al. (2004) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: