Validation of a turbulence methodology using the SST k-ω model for adjoint calculation

Adjoint methods are becoming ubiquitous in numerous industrial designs practices. The performance of the adjoint solver are however highly dependent on a clean primal flow solution, which is often problematic to reach in complex engineering problems. The present contribution reports a number of modification to a popular RANS model, namely the SST k − ω model, as well as detailed numerical practices. Both from which such stable solution can be obtained. The rational for those modification are fully justified in the context of industrial applications, and the validation of those modifications on canonical test cases are also discussed. Finally, the application of the model, together with the adjoint method, are presented on a well-known industrial problem (the high-lift one).