Global trends report increasing incidence of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, suggesting further research on risk factors is needed.
In the 20 years examined, ICC and ECC incidence increased in the majority of countries worldwide. ICC and ECC incidence may continue to increase because of metabolic and infectious etiologic factors. Efforts to further elucidate risk factors contributing to these increases in incidence are warranted.
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Florio et al. (2020) studied this question.
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