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The correct assessment of battery states is essential to maximize battery pack performances while ensuring reliable and safe operation. This article introduces EIS2MOD, a novel modeling framework for li-ion cells based on distribution of relaxation time. A physically-based electric circuit model is developed starting from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open-circuit voltage measurements. Distribution of relaxation time (DRT) is applied to deconvolve the electrochemical phenomena from the EIS. The presented methodology is based on: DRT calculation from EIS; DRT analysis for ECM configuration; and model parameters extraction and fitting. The proposed framework is applied to large format li-ion pouch cells, which are tested over the whole state of charge (SoC) range and a wide temperature range (−10 °C to 35 °C). Different current profiles have been tested to validate the model, showing its high accuracy in reproducing the battery cell behavior (e.g., RMSE on the battery terminals voltage lower than 1.50% for driving cycle simulations at variable temperature and SoC). An additional advantage of EIS2MOD is its light computational load thus offering an attractive framework for battery management system implementation.
Iurilli et al. (Mon,) studied this question.