The electrical conductivity and thermopower of Mn 3 O 4 were measured in the temperature range 920° to 1530°C. Electrical conduction in cubic Mn 3 O 4 is explained by the small polaron hopping of electron holes between Mn 4+ and Mn 3+ on octahedral sites. The concentrations of Mn 4+ and Mn 3+ are governed by the disproportionation equilibrium 2Mn oct 3+ ⇄Mn oct 4+ + Mn oct 2+ . This model also explains the electrical behavior of NiMn 2 O 4 and CuMn 2 O 4 .
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Dorris et al. (1988) studied this question.
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