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High-order Bessel beams are of great interest for most stable long-range optical quantum communications due to their unique nondiffraction, self-healing, and orbital angular-momentum-carrying capabilities. Until now, metasurfaces based on Bessel beam generators are mostly static and focused on generating zero-order Bessel beams. A moiré meta-device made of two cascaded metasurfaces is a simple, effective strategy to dynamically manipulate the wavefront of electromagnetic (EM) waves by mutual rotation between the two metasurfaces. Here, an all-dielectric moiré meta-device integrated with the functions of an axicon and a spiral phase plate to generate terahertz Bessel beams is designed. Not only the order, but also the nondiffraction length of the generated Bessel beam can be continuously tuned. As a proof of concept of the feasibility of the platform, the case of tuning order is experimentally demonstrated. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical expectations. In addition, we also numerically proved that the nondiffraction length of the Bessel beam can be adjusted with the same approach. The moiré meta-device platform is powerful in dynamically manipulating the wavefront of EM waves and provides an effective strategy for continuously controlling the properties of the Bessel beam, which may find applications in optical communications, particle manipulation, and super-resolution imaging.
Wang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.