Wall bushings, apparatus bushings, transductors (DCCTs) and post insulators are vulnerable to flashover in HVDC converter stations under conditions of non-uniform (N-U) wetting, fog, etc. Experience is reported over a 30 year period in preventing external insulation flashovers through the use of booster sheds or RTV coatings.
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McDermid et al. (2008) studied this question.
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