Excess diabetes mellitus-related deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

Figures

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  Figure 1. Temporal trends in diabetes mellitus (DM)-related deaths and excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic, by sex, further stratified by age. (A) Overall population, (B) Female, (C) Male, (D) Aged at 25–44 years old in overall population, (E) Aged at 25–44 years old in female, (F) Aged at 25–44 years old in male, (G) Aged at 45–64 years old in overall population, (H) Aged at 45–64 years old in female, (I) Aged at 45–64 years old in male, (J) Aged more than 65 years old in overall population, (K) Aged more than 65 years old in female, (L) Aged more than 65 years old in male. DM-related deaths rates (per 100,000 persons) increased across all subgroups during the pandemic. The observed mortality rates were above the predicted mortality rates (dashed horizontal line). Depicted by purple bars, DM-related deaths associated with COVID-19 was almost or more than 50% across the subgroups during pandemic. COVID-19 related decedent was defined as DM-related death with COVID-19 recorded as one of the causes on the death certificate.

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  Figure 2. Causes of deaths related to diabetes mellitus (DM) presented by (A) the proportion and (B) the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of different causes of death. The change in proportion of causes of death after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the absolute change of all causes of death were shown.

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  Figure 3. State-level variation and local Moran-spatial autocorrelation analysis of diabetes mellitus (DM)-related deaths during the COVID-19 Pandemic. State-level Variation of mortality in 2020 (A) and 2021 (B); Local Moran-spatial autocorrelation analysis of DM-related deaths in both 2020 (C) and 2021 (D) showed a positive spatial autocorrelation with high DM-related mortality clustered in the Eastern U.S.