Experimental and simulation study of bio-inspired adaptive transverse wave microgrooves for underwater drag reduction

Inspired by the flexible skin of dolphins and the hydrophobic effect of lotus leaves, this study developed an adaptive drag reduction surface using biomimetic structures. The design combines a transverse groove base with hydrophobic flexible materials, employing hydraulic actuation for active surface morphing. This approach effectively integrates non-smooth structures, flexible surfaces, and hydrophobic drag reduction technologies, achieving up to 28 % drag reduction at a flow velocity of 0.2 m/s. This adaptive technology offers a robust solution for drag reduction across varying flow velocities in complex underwater environments . • Combined with three drag reduction methods. • Achieved optimal drag reduction rate at various flow velocities. • The coupling drag reduction mechanism is revealed.