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HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; TKI: tyrosine-kinase inhibitors; PD-1: programmed death receptor-1; PD-L1: programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated Protein 4; CAR-T: chimeric T cell receptors; TACE: transarterial chemoembolization; SIRT: selective internal radiation therapy; SBRT: stereotactic body radiation therapy; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; MEK: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; NK cell: natural killer cell; TGFβ: transforming growth factor-β; OV: Oncolytic viruses; PFU: plaque-forming unit.
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Oliver Waidmann (2018) studied this question.
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