Combining Battery‐Type and Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage in Ag/Ti₃C₂Tx MXene Electrode for Capturing Chloride Ions with High Capacitance and Fast Ion Transport

The recent advances in chloride-ion capturing electrodes for capacitive deionization (CDI) are limited by the capacity, rate, and stability of desalination. This work introduces Ti₃ C₂ Tx /Ag synthesized via a facile oxidation-reduction method and then uses it as an anode for chloride-ion capture in CDI. Silver nanoparticles are formed successfully and uniformly distributed with the layered-structure of Ti₃ C₂ Tx . All Ti₃ C₂ Tx /Ag samples are hydrophilic, which is beneficial for water desalination. Ti₃ C₂ Tx /Ag samples with a low charge transfer resistance exhibit both pseudocapacitive and battery behaviors. Herein, the Ti₃ C₂ Tx /Ag electrode with a reaction time of 3 h exhibits excellent desalination performance with a capacity of 135 mg Cl⁻ g⁻¹ at 20 mA g⁻¹ in a 10 × 10⁻³ m NaCl solution. Furthermore, low energy consumption of 0.42 kWh kg⁻¹ Cl⁻ and a desalination rate of 1.5 mg Cl⁻ g⁻¹ min⁻¹ at 50 mA g⁻¹ is achieved. The Ti₃ C₂ Tx /Ag system exhibits fast rate capability, high desalination capacity, low energy consumption, and excellent cyclability, which can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between the battery and pseudocapacitive behaviors of the Ti₃ C₂ Tx /Ag hybrid material. This work provides fundamental insight into the coupling of battery and pseudocapacitive behaviors during Cl⁻ capture for electrochemical desalination.