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We report the first neutral and water-soluble polymer capable of strong mitochondrial targeting in vitro and in vivo, zwitterionic poly2-(N-oxide-N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (OPDEA). OPDEA is quickly internalized via macropinocytosis by various cancer cells and transferred into the mitochondria, which slightly lowers the mitochondrial membrane potential as determined by the JC-1 assay.
Geng et al. (2019) studied this question.