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Public-key infrastructure (PKI) provides the essential foundation for public-key cryptography, and security is often bootstrapped from a PKI. Standardization bodies, organizations, researchers, and experts reached a consensus that deploying Vehicular PKI (VPKI) can ensure the security and privacy requirements of Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS). Given the importance of VPKI, researchers and experts have worked to ensure VPKI meets the high security and privacy requirements of C-ITS. This survey focuses on VPKI schemes designed to securely and privately manage and revoke public-key certificates in three parts. The first part presents evaluation metrics that help to compare the existing VPKI proposals systematically. The second part classifies VPKI schemes and provides an overview of each. The third part focuses on observations made using the evaluation metrics through a systematic comparison of VPKI schemes. Finally, suggestions for future VPKI research are presented.
Khan et al. (Sat,) studied this question.