Natalizumab may control immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced limbic encephalitis

In recent years, new therapeutic approaches that restore the ability of the immune system to attack cancer cells have dramatically improved the outcome of various malignant tumors, including melanoma and lung cancer. Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4, and nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks programmed cell-death protein 1, have been approved. As these treatments, respectively, block T-cell inhibition and potentiate the activation of T cells, they may trigger a number of neurologic immune-related adverse events,1–9 as illustrated here.