rf power in the lower-hybrid-frequency range is shown to produce plasma of density in the 10¹³ cm^-3 range in the small toroidal heliac SHEILA by launching helicon waves. Measurements of wave dispersion and mode structure confirm that an m=1 helicon mode is launched inside the highly asymmetric plasma confined in the device. The suggestion that the main energy-transfer mechanism is by Landau damping is strongly supported by the experimental data.
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Loewenhardt et al. (1991) studied this question.