Why the study?
Do age, sex, race, and ethnicity affect echocardiographic Z scores adjusted for body surface area in a healthy population?
Do age, sex, race, and ethnicity affect echocardiographic Z scores adjusted for body surface area in a healthy population?
Age, sex, race, and ethnicity have statistically significant but clinically unimportant effects on BSA-adjusted echocardiographic Z scores, supporting their broad applicability.
Minimal demographic effects support unadjusted BSA Z-score norms in healthy children; leaves open validation in clinical cohorts.
Echocardiographic Z scores based on BSA were derived from a large, diverse, and healthy North American population. Age, sex, race, and ethnicity have small effects on the Z scores that are statistically significant but not clinically important.
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Lopez et al. (2017) studied this question.
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