COPD patients faced a higher risk of dementia (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.22-1.75; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis on gender determined that the association between COPD and dementia was stronger in male patients (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.20-1.86, p < 0.001) than in female patients (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.27-1.57, p < 0.001). A subset study of patients aged >65 years revealed that the HR was greater for patients aged ≥75 years (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.07-2.00, p = 0.02) than for those aged 65-74 years (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.28-1.53, p < 0.001). The cohort studies included were from similar population-based databases, suggesting possible regional limitations and publication bias.
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Wang et al. (2019) studied this question.
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