Beyond BMI: Exploring obesity trends in the south Asian region

Background: Obesity is a global health challenge affecting individuals across all demographics. In South Asia, the traditional method of assessing obesity using Body Mass Index (BMI), may not account for factors such as fat distribution, muscle mass, or ethnic variations. Objective: This narrative review explores the multifaceted nature of obesity in South Asia, focusing on the region's demographic profiles and the socio-cultural and economic determinants shaping obesity trends. Additionally, the review critiques the limitations of BMI as an accurate measure of obesity in this diverse population. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies that address obesity trends in South Asia, with a focus on regional variations, influencing factors, and the limitations of BMI. Results: The review identifies significant variations in obesity prevalence across South Asian countries, influenced by cultural norms, economic disparities, and urbanization. The limitations of BMI as a tool for assessing obesity are highlighted, particularly in its inability to capture fat distribution and muscle mass variations specific to South Asian populations. Conclusions: Obesity in South Asia is shaped by complex demographic, cultural, and economic factors. While BMI is commonly used, it is insufficient for accurately assessing obesity in this population. More refined, context-specific measures are needed to better understand and address the growing obesity epidemic in South Asia.